Medication Study Guide

ACE Inhibitors

Attribute	Detail
Suffix	-pril
Examples	Enalapril (Vasotec) Lisinopril (Zestril) Ramipril (Altace)
Mechanism of Action	Inhibits conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction and water/sodium retention, leading to decreased blood pressure
Uses/Indications	Hypertension Heart failure Myocardial infarction
Side Effects	Dry cough Angioedema Hyperkalemia Dizziness Hypotension
Contraindications/Precautions	Contraindicated in pregnancy (teratogenic). High risk of hyperkalemia (especially with potassium‑sparing diuretics). Avoid high‑potassium foods and salt substitutes.
Nursing Interventions	Monitor blood pressure and heart rate. Do not abruptly discontinue—can cause rebound hypertension. Report any swelling immediately.
Patient Education	Avoid potassium‑rich foods (bananas, spinach, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, fish). Notify provider if dry cough develops.

Attribute	Detail
Suffix	-sartan
Examples	Losartan (Cozaar) Valsartan (Diovan) Olmesartan (Benicar)
Mechanism of Action	Inhibits Angiotensin II from binding to its receptors, preventing vasoconstriction and water/sodium retention
Uses/Indications	Hypertension Heart failure Myocardial infarction
Side Effects	Hyperkalemia Angioedema (less common) Dizziness Hypotension
Contraindications/Precautions	Contraindicated in pregnancy. Risk of hyperkalemia when used with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Nursing Interventions	Monitor BP and electrolytes. Avoid potassium-rich foods and salt substitutes.
Patient Education	May be used if ACE inhibitors are not tolerated due to cough. Continue monitoring for swelling or dizziness.