... (original content here) ... ================= END ORIGINAL SINGLE-TABLE LAYOUT ================= --> Psychotropic Medications (Single Table, Updated)

Psychotropic Medications Overview (Single Table)

Icon Key
Class Mechanism Primary Uses Examples Side Effects Key Cautions Priority
SSRIs Block serotonin reuptake → ↑ serotonin
  • Depression
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Fluoxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Paroxetine
  • Citalopram
  • Escitalopram
 🍽️ GI: nausea, diarrhea
Neuro/Psych: insomnia, headache
Sexual: dysfunction
Other: weight gain, ↑ bleeding risk
  • ⚠️ No MAOIs (risk of serotonin syndrome)
  • Caution in bipolar (mania risk)
  • Caution w/ bleeding disorders
SNRIs Block serotonin & NE reuptake
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Neuropathic pain
  • Venlafaxine
  • Duloxetine
  • Desvenlafaxine
 🍽️ GI: nausea
Neuro/Psych: insomnia
Sexual: dysfunction
Other: weight gain, sweating, possible ↑ BP
  • ⚠️ No MAOIs
  • Uncontrolled HTN (↑ BP risk)
  • Caution in bipolar (mania risk)
TCAs Block NE & 5-HT reuptake; also anticholinergic
  • Depression
  • Neuropathic pain
  • Migraine prophylaxis
  • Amitriptyline
  • Nortriptyline
  • Imipramine
  • Doxepin
 Anticholinergic: dry mouth, constipation
♥ Cardiac: arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension
Other: sedation, weight gain
  • ⚠️ No MAOIs
  • Cardiac conduction issues
  • Elderly (falls, confusion)
  • High overdose risk
MAOIs Inhibit MAO → ↑ NE, 5-HT, DA
  • Treatment-resistant depression
  • Panic disorder
  • Phenelzine
  • Tranylcypromine
  • Selegiline
 💀 Hypertensive crisis if tyramine
Insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain 		Avoid tyramine foods
No SSRIs/SNRIs/TCAs
2-week washout needed
Atypical Antidepressants Various NE/DA/5-HT effects
  • Depression
  • Smoking cessation (bupropion)
  • Insomnia adjunct (trazodone)
  • Bupropion
  • Trazodone
  • Mirtazapine
 Mirtazapine: sedation, ↑ appetite, weight gain
Bupropion: seizures risk, weight loss
Trazodone: sedation
  • Avoid in seizure disorders (bupropion)
  • No MAOIs
Typical Antipsychotics Block D2 receptors (↓ dopamine)
  • Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
  • Acute mania
  • Psychosis
  • Haloperidol
  • Chlorpromazine
 EPS: dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism
TD: tardive dyskinesia
NMS: fever, rigidity
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • CNS depression
  • ♥ QT prolongation
Atypical Antipsychotics Block D2 & 5-HT2A receptors
  • Schizophrenia (pos & neg)
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Risperidone
  • Olanzapine
  • Quetiapine
  • Aripiprazole
  • Clozapine
 Metabolic: weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia
♥ QT prolongation, sedation
Clozapine → Agranulocytosis (monitor WBCs)
  • Diabetes / Metabolic risk
  • Seizure risk (clozapine)
  • Monitor WBCs (clozapine)
Black Box: Clozapine Agranulocytosis
Mood Stabilizers Varies (e.g. Lithium, Valproate, etc.)
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Schizoaffective
  • Lithium
  • Valproate
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
 Lithium: tremor, thyroid dysfunction, renal issues
Valproate: weight gain
Lamotrigine: rash (SJS risk)
  • Monitor levels (Lithium narrow TI)
  • Valproate: hepatotoxic, pregnancy risk
  • Lamotrigine: slow titration → avoid rash
Benzodiazepines ↑ GABA-A receptor → sedation
  • Anxiety, panic
  • Short-term insomnia
  • Seizures, alcohol withdrawal
  • Alprazolam
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Clonazepam
 Sedation, respiratory depression, amnesia
Dependence/tolerance
**Withdrawal** risk if abrupt stop
  • ⚠️ High abuse potential
  • Avoid in severe resp dz
  • Caution in elderly (falls)
Stimulants ↑ NE & DA release/reuptake blockade
  • ADHD
  • Narcolepsy
  • Methylphenidate
  • Amphetamine
  • Lisdexamfetamine
 Insomnia, ↓ appetite → weight loss
Anxiety, ♥ tachycardia, ↑ BP
  • Serious cardiac conditions
  • Severe HTN
  • Substance abuse risk